Artificial intelligence and health care: challenges and ethical issues

ABSTRACT

Artificial Intelligence is a field of computer science focused on developing systems capable of simulating human cognitive functions such as learning, reasoning, and decision-making. It is a key component of the 4^th Industrial Revolution, integrating technologies like machine learning, natural language processing, computer vision, and robotics.

Artificial intelligence has evolved from an academic field to a core technology with wide application, transforming critical sectors of modern society such as healthcare, industry, finance, education, and agriculture.

The application of Artificial Intelligence in healthcare is a fast-growing field, leveraging advanced machine and deep learning methods, enabling innovative applications, including diagnostic medical imaging, predictive analytics, personalized medicine, accelerating the discovery of new drugs, and the use of digital assistants.

However, despite the significant benefits, the integration of Artificial Intelligence into clinical practice raises serious ethical, legal, and technical issues. These include the protection of personal data, the need for transparency and explanatory power in algorithmic decisions, addressing data bias, ensuring equitable access, and a clear allocation of responsibility in cases of error. Therefore, its use must be governed by strict ethical standards, transparent operating mechanisms, and a clear regulatory framework that ensures patient rights and safety.