Multivariate Analysis of Barriers and Beliefs of the Greek Population Regarding Physical Exercise: Findings from a Public Opinion Survey

Introduction: Although physical activity is a fundamental health behavior with well-documented benefits in disease prevention and management, it has not been established as a consistent practice among the population. Aim: To explore perceptions, behaviors, and social factors related to physical activity in society, as well as the role of the urban environment. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional epidemiological study conducted in May 2025 through online surveys and interviews using structured questionnaires. The sample included 1,411 adults from across Greece (mean age 47.5 years, 50.3% women), with 571 permanent residents from small to medium-sized urban areas (cities with fewer than 100,000 inhabitants). Results: A total of 39.3% of women and 47.1% of men reported engaging in sufficient physical activity according to international recommendations (p=0.003). Among residents of small to medium-sized urban areas, 42.9% expressed dissatisfaction with the available public exercise facilities, compared with 32.4% of residents in larger urban areas (p<0.001). Regardless of place of residence, approximately 60% of respondents reported lack of time as the main reason for not exercising, while about 40% cited the lack of suitable and safe spaces. In addition, 40% of participants emphasized the need for more free or low-cost exercise programs. Conclusions: Citizens express a need for free or affordable programs and improved facilities, highlighting the complex barriers to physical activity and the importance of targeted public health interventions.

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